Line by line, with the refi-specific tricks
- Lender fees: fully competitive — quote 2–3 lenders the same day. "No-fee" often means lender credits (higher rate); compare both honestly.
- Appraisal: sometimes waived by automated valuation on strong-equity refis — ask; that's $600 back.
- Title insurance: the sleeper. You bought a policy at purchase; refinancing needs a new lender's policy, and most title companies offer a discounted reissue rate if you provide your prior policy — commonly 25–40% off. They rarely volunteer it.
- Government/recording: small, except in states that levy mortgage-recording taxes.
- Escrow & prepaids: the new loan seeds a fresh escrow account. Not a true cost — your OLD escrow balance is refunded a few weeks after closing — but it inflates cash-to-close and confuses comparisons.
Pay, roll, or absorb into the rate?
Three ways to fund the same costs: cash at closing (cheapest overall), rolled into the balance (you finance them for 30 years), or a "no-closing-cost" rate bump (typically +0.25–0.5%). None is free; they're the same bill on different schedules. The refinance calculator models upfront vs financed with a checkbox, and pricing the rate-bump version is the same math as points in reverse. Short expected stay → lean no-cost; long stay → pay cash if you can.
Sanity checks before you sign
- Break-even month vs honest tenure — the whole decision (the two tests).
- Compare Loan Estimates section-by-section like a purchase (the anatomy).
- Watch the term reset: costs + restarted 30-year clock can flip a "winning" rate into a lifetime loss — the calculator's lifetime table catches it.
- Streamline programs (FHA/VA IRRRL) skip appraisals and slash costs if you're already in those programs — see streamline refis.